domingo, 28 de febrero de 2010
MI SOLIDARIDAD A LOS HERMANOS CHILENOS
Ánimo, fuerza, condolencias x los fallecidos y mi mas sincera solidaridad a los hermanos chilenos en éstos momentos tan difíciles
sábado, 27 de febrero de 2010
Zacapanecos !
Un suizo de una ONG, que está buscando una dirección,detiene su carro y se dirige a dos zacapanecos que están platicando a la sombra de un amate.Entschuldigen, koennen sie deutsch sprechen..? Preguntó el suizo. Los dos zacapanecos se miraron mudos...Excusez-moi, parlez vous Français..? Intenta nuevamente el suizo. Los zacapanecos. .. callados...
Do you speak English..? pregunta el suizo.
Ni una palabra de los zacapanecos.
Prego signori, parlate Italiano..?
prueba el suizo. Ninguna respuesta...
Você fala o português..? dice el suizo.
Nada..! mudos. El suizo, frustrado, se sube en su carro y se va... Se miran los dos zacapanecos y uno le dice al otro: Creo que deberíamos aprender por lo menos un idioma extranjero, vos que decís..?
Y Pa'que putas..? Replica el otro... No ves queese cerote hablaba cinco y no le sirvieron para ni mierda.
jueves, 25 de febrero de 2010
Alergia cruzada entre penicilina y cefalosporinas
http://www.fisterra.com/cursos/articulo.asp?idArticulo=31
Dinosaur True Colors
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/01/100127-dinosaur-feathers-colors-nature/
Vitamina D: Una revisión basada en la Evidencia
En la edición de Noviembre de la Journal American Borrad of Family Medicine hay una revisión basada en la evidencia titulada Vitamina D: Una Revisión Basada en la Evidencia por Teresa Kulie, MD, Amy Groff, DO, Jackie Redmer, MD, MPH, Jennie Hounshell, MD and Sarina Schrager, MD, MS, del Departamento de Medicina Familiar de la Universidad de Wisconsin, Madison que comienza: " La Vitamina D es una vitamina liposoluble que juega un importante papel en el metabolismo del hueso y parece tener alguna propiedad antiinflamatoria e inmunomoduladora. En adición, recientes estudios epidemiológicos han observado relación entre los bajos niveles de Vitamina D y múltiples enfermedades. Bajos niveles de Vitamina D están asociados con incremento de la mortalidad cardiovascular, incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer, enfermedades autoinmunes, así como esclerosis múltiple. Aunque es bien conocido que la combinación de Vitamina D y Calcio es necesaria para el mantenimiento de la densidad del hueso para las personas mayores, la Vitamina D también puede ser un factor de riesgo independiente a las caídas en personas ancianas. Nuevas recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana de Médicos de abordar la necesidad de la suplementación en los recién nacidos alimentados con leche materna y muchas preguntas se plantean en relación con el papel de la suplementación materna durante la lactancia. Desafortunadamente, hay pocas guías de evidencia clínica relacionadas a la pesquisa de deficiencia de Vitamina D o de las opciones de tratamiento eficaces".
"La baja estatura o alta es generalmente causada por las variantes de un patrón de crecimiento normal, aunque algunos pacientes pueden tener graves patologías subyacentes. Una historia completa y un examen físico pueden ayudar a diferenciar los patrones de crecimiento anormal de las variantes normales y específicas de identificar rasgos dismórficos de síndromes genéticos. Historia y hallazgos del examen físico deberían orientar las pruebas de laboratorio".
"La baja estatura o alta es generalmente causada por las variantes de un patrón de crecimiento normal, aunque algunos pacientes pueden tener graves patologías subyacentes. Una historia completa y un examen físico pueden ayudar a diferenciar los patrones de crecimiento anormal de las variantes normales y específicas de identificar rasgos dismórficos de síndromes genéticos. Historia y hallazgos del examen físico deberían orientar las pruebas de laboratorio".
Metformina ayuda a combatir obesidad en niños
Hay un gap importante en cuanto a como tratar PO al niño pre diabético en el conocimiento de los pediátras generales. Este artículo es importante desde el punto de vista de terapéutica preventiva...
Se ha demostrado que la metformina ayuda a controlar el peso de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, además de permitir corregir la hiperglicemia y la hiperinsulinemia. Para determinar si la metformina podía ayudar a reducir el índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y limitar el riesgo cardiometabólico (RCM) de niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso, un equipo de profesionales realizó un estudio en el que descubrieron que la metformina tiene un efecto moderadamente eficaz a corto plazo para reducir el IMC y limitar la insulinoresistencia en niños y adolescentes obesos.El riesgo cardiometabólico o RCM se refiere a una serie de factores que pueden predisponer a un paciente a desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular. El RCM se puede identificar porque el sujeto sufre un aumento del nivel de colesterol LDL, incremento de la presión arterial, hiperglucemia, nivel alto de triglicéridos y desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina.
Para realizar este estudio se identificó que los pacientes que recibieron dosis de metformina lograron una reducción del IMC de 1,42 kg/m2, se logró una reducción del colesterol total de -0,19 mmol/L entre los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento. Por otro lado el tratamiento no tuvo un efecto significativo para logar reducir los valores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (colesterol HDL) o triglicéridos, así como tampoco afectó la tensión arterial.Los investigadores indicaron que se pudo apreciar una reducción de los niveles de insulina en tres de los trabajos, pero se aportó escasa evidencia que pudiera demostrar que esa reducción se logró gracias al tratamiento. Se indicó también que en los estudios se recogieron datos insuficientes sobre la evolución de la grasa corporal de los pacientes. Adicionalmente los científicos indicaron que se presentaron efectos gastrointestinales adversos en algunos pacientes, pero solo uno de ellos tuvo que abandonar el tratamiento por esta causa.
Se seleccionaron estudios que involucraron a niños y jóvenes hasta los 19 años que padecían de obesidad, pero sin tener enfermedad diabética. Se analizaron datos de cinco ensayos con 320 participantes. Cada uno de estos estudios contaba con un grupo control
Fuente: http://blogs.funiber.org/salud-y-nutricion/2010/02/01/metformina-ayuda-a-combatir-obesidad-en-ninos/
sábado, 20 de febrero de 2010
Saturated fats not linked to heart disease: Meta-analysis
Dietary intakes of saturated fats are not linked to cardiovascular disease, so says a meta-analysis of 21 studies from across the world.
Data from almost 350,000 subjects obtained from 21 studies indicated that dietary intakes of saturated fat are not associated with increases in the risk of either coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD), US researchers report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
“Our meta-analysis showed that there is insufficient evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies to conclude that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD, stroke, or CVD,” wrote the researchers, led by Dr Ronald Krauss from the Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute in California.
“[However,] nutritional epidemiologic studies provide only one category of evidence for evaluating the relation of saturated fat intake to risk for CHD, stroke, and CVD. An overall assessment requires consideration of results of clinical trials as well as information regarding the effects of saturated fat on underlying disease mechanisms, as discussed elsewhere in this issue,” they added.
The study, funded by the US National Dairy Council, Unilever, and the National Institutes of Health, challenges the widely supported theory that saturated fats are detrimental to heart health. The UK’s Food Standards Agency (FSA) has previously stated estimated that if people cut their saturated fat intake to government recommendations it could prevent up to 3,500 premature deaths a year, saving the UK economy more than £1bn a year in related costs.
Such estimates have led to public awareness campaigns in the UK, including a £3.5m advertising campaign to encourage consumers to reduce their intake of saturated fat and change the way they shop and eat.
Business as usual
Commenting on the new meta-analysis, a spokesperson for the FSA told FoodNavigator that the meta-analysis does not challenge the Agency’s saturated fat campaign.
“The Agency recognises that there is evidence to support an indirect link between saturated fat intake and increased LDL cholesterol, which may lead to increased risk of CHD. This is in line with World Health Organization and other eminent health bodies,” said the spokesperson.
“The meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies should be interpreted with caution, as these type of studies are subject to bias and confounding, which may affect the results. Although this meta-analysis reports no association between saturated fat intake and CVD, other recently published combined analyses have found that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat, particularly polyunsaturated fat reduces the risk of CVD,” they added.
The spokesperson added that the agency will continue to recommend a reduction in saturated fat intake as part of a healthy balanced diet.
Study details
Dr Krauss and his co-workers searched the scientific literature and indentified 21 prospective epidemiologic studies with data for dietary saturated fat intakes and risk of CHD, stroke, and CVD.
The authors note the limitations of their source studies, stating that: “[Large prospective cohort] studies have caveats, including a reliance on nutritional assessment methods whose validity and reliability may vary, the assumption that diets remain similar over the long term and variable adjustment for covariates by different investigators,” explained the researchers.
“Nonetheless, a summary evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence to date provides important information as to the basis for relating dietary saturatedfat to CVD risk,” they said.
Data from 347,747 people showed the development of 11,006 cases of CHD or stroke. No link between saturated fat intake and CHD, stroke, or CVD risk were observed, and this did not change when the researchers focussed their analysis to consider age or sex, or the quality of the study.
“More data are needed to elucidate whether CVD risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat,” concluded the researchers.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Published online ahead of print, doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725
“Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease”
Authors: P.W. Siri-Tarino, Q. Sun, F.B. Hu, R.M. Krauss
Fuente: http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/Saturated-fats-not-linked-to-heart-disease-Meta-analysis
Data from almost 350,000 subjects obtained from 21 studies indicated that dietary intakes of saturated fat are not associated with increases in the risk of either coronary heart disease (CHD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD), US researchers report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
“Our meta-analysis showed that there is insufficient evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies to conclude that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD, stroke, or CVD,” wrote the researchers, led by Dr Ronald Krauss from the Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute in California.
“[However,] nutritional epidemiologic studies provide only one category of evidence for evaluating the relation of saturated fat intake to risk for CHD, stroke, and CVD. An overall assessment requires consideration of results of clinical trials as well as information regarding the effects of saturated fat on underlying disease mechanisms, as discussed elsewhere in this issue,” they added.
The study, funded by the US National Dairy Council, Unilever, and the National Institutes of Health, challenges the widely supported theory that saturated fats are detrimental to heart health. The UK’s Food Standards Agency (FSA) has previously stated estimated that if people cut their saturated fat intake to government recommendations it could prevent up to 3,500 premature deaths a year, saving the UK economy more than £1bn a year in related costs.
Such estimates have led to public awareness campaigns in the UK, including a £3.5m advertising campaign to encourage consumers to reduce their intake of saturated fat and change the way they shop and eat.
Business as usual
Commenting on the new meta-analysis, a spokesperson for the FSA told FoodNavigator that the meta-analysis does not challenge the Agency’s saturated fat campaign.
“The Agency recognises that there is evidence to support an indirect link between saturated fat intake and increased LDL cholesterol, which may lead to increased risk of CHD. This is in line with World Health Organization and other eminent health bodies,” said the spokesperson.
“The meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies should be interpreted with caution, as these type of studies are subject to bias and confounding, which may affect the results. Although this meta-analysis reports no association between saturated fat intake and CVD, other recently published combined analyses have found that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat, particularly polyunsaturated fat reduces the risk of CVD,” they added.
The spokesperson added that the agency will continue to recommend a reduction in saturated fat intake as part of a healthy balanced diet.
Study details
Dr Krauss and his co-workers searched the scientific literature and indentified 21 prospective epidemiologic studies with data for dietary saturated fat intakes and risk of CHD, stroke, and CVD.
The authors note the limitations of their source studies, stating that: “[Large prospective cohort] studies have caveats, including a reliance on nutritional assessment methods whose validity and reliability may vary, the assumption that diets remain similar over the long term and variable adjustment for covariates by different investigators,” explained the researchers.
“Nonetheless, a summary evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence to date provides important information as to the basis for relating dietary saturatedfat to CVD risk,” they said.
Data from 347,747 people showed the development of 11,006 cases of CHD or stroke. No link between saturated fat intake and CHD, stroke, or CVD risk were observed, and this did not change when the researchers focussed their analysis to consider age or sex, or the quality of the study.
“More data are needed to elucidate whether CVD risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat,” concluded the researchers.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Published online ahead of print, doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725
“Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease”
Authors: P.W. Siri-Tarino, Q. Sun, F.B. Hu, R.M. Krauss
Fuente: http://www.foodnavigator.com/Science-Nutrition/Saturated-fats-not-linked-to-heart-disease-Meta-analysis
Las autoridades alemanas recomiendan retirar de la venta las bebidas energizantes concentradas
Sociedad Argentina de Nutrición
Lunes 15 de Febrero de 2010
Un reciente informe del BfR (Insituto Federal de Evaluación de Riesgos de Alemania) recomienda prohibir la venta de bebidas energizantes concentradas, habitualmente llamadas "energy shots", sobre la base de muertes inexplicadas de personas jóvenes posteriores al consumo en grandes cantidades de estas bebidas. La opinión de la institución señala que las advertencias de los fabricantes en el envase no son tenidas en cuenta y que al estar más concentradas es fácil excederse en el consumo.
El informe menciona además que la ingesta de cafeina y taurina, por ejemplo, puede fácilmente alcanzar niveles tóxicos, y es habitual que se acompañe del consumo de alcohol que potencia sus efectos. El mercado tanto de bebidas energizantes tradicionales (200 a 250 ml) como concentradas (25 a 75 ml) sigue en continuo crecimiento especialmente en jóvenes.
Fuente: http://www.sanutricion.org.ar/
Lunes 15 de Febrero de 2010
Un reciente informe del BfR (Insituto Federal de Evaluación de Riesgos de Alemania) recomienda prohibir la venta de bebidas energizantes concentradas, habitualmente llamadas "energy shots", sobre la base de muertes inexplicadas de personas jóvenes posteriores al consumo en grandes cantidades de estas bebidas. La opinión de la institución señala que las advertencias de los fabricantes en el envase no son tenidas en cuenta y que al estar más concentradas es fácil excederse en el consumo.
El informe menciona además que la ingesta de cafeina y taurina, por ejemplo, puede fácilmente alcanzar niveles tóxicos, y es habitual que se acompañe del consumo de alcohol que potencia sus efectos. El mercado tanto de bebidas energizantes tradicionales (200 a 250 ml) como concentradas (25 a 75 ml) sigue en continuo crecimiento especialmente en jóvenes.
Fuente: http://www.sanutricion.org.ar/
jueves, 18 de febrero de 2010
Increased risk of diabetes observed among statin-treated patients
Glasgow, Scotland - New data from a large meta-analysis of major statin trials suggests the LDL-cholesterol-lowering drugs slightly increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus [1]. Investigators stress, however, that clinical practice should remain unchanged in patients with moderate or high cardiovascular risk, given the low absolute risk of developing diabetes, particularly when when compared with the benefit of statins.
"We found that there was indeed a risk of diabetes, about 9%, but it isn't a worrying increase as had been suggested by other studies," said co-lead investigator Dr David Preiss (University of Glasgow, Scotland). "Then again, it wasn't a completely flat result. We did see something. Our message would be that people on statins should be those we think are at moderate to high cardiovascular risk in the future. If you look at that group of patients, then what we really want to see come out of the study is a reassuring message, because there is little question that the protective effects in reducing heart attacks, strokes, and so on heavily outweigh this risk of developing diabetes."
Dr Steven Nissen (Cleveland Clinic, OH), who was not involved in the meta-analysis, praised the researchers, calling their interpretation of the data "responsible." Most important, he agreed with their conclusions, stating that the benefits of statins exceed the risk of diabetes and that physicians should not alter clinical practice based on these findings.
"In all of these trials, the population with diabetes or the population with new-onset diabetes had the same benefit in terms of reduction in morbidity and mortality as did people who received statins who were not insulin resistant or who had prediabetes," Nissen told heartwire. "Whatever this effect is, it doesn't lessen the favorable effect of statins on clinical outcomes. I don't think people should hesitate to give prediabetic patients statins because they might develop diabetes a few weeks or a few months later and deny them all the other benefits of these drugs."
The results of the study, which was also led by Dr Naveed Sattar (University of Glasgow), are published online February 17, 2010 in the Lancet.
"We found that there was indeed a risk of diabetes, about 9%, but it isn't a worrying increase as had been suggested by other studies," said co-lead investigator Dr David Preiss (University of Glasgow, Scotland). "Then again, it wasn't a completely flat result. We did see something. Our message would be that people on statins should be those we think are at moderate to high cardiovascular risk in the future. If you look at that group of patients, then what we really want to see come out of the study is a reassuring message, because there is little question that the protective effects in reducing heart attacks, strokes, and so on heavily outweigh this risk of developing diabetes."
Dr Steven Nissen (Cleveland Clinic, OH), who was not involved in the meta-analysis, praised the researchers, calling their interpretation of the data "responsible." Most important, he agreed with their conclusions, stating that the benefits of statins exceed the risk of diabetes and that physicians should not alter clinical practice based on these findings.
"In all of these trials, the population with diabetes or the population with new-onset diabetes had the same benefit in terms of reduction in morbidity and mortality as did people who received statins who were not insulin resistant or who had prediabetes," Nissen told heartwire. "Whatever this effect is, it doesn't lessen the favorable effect of statins on clinical outcomes. I don't think people should hesitate to give prediabetic patients statins because they might develop diabetes a few weeks or a few months later and deny them all the other benefits of these drugs."
The results of the study, which was also led by Dr Naveed Sattar (University of Glasgow), are published online February 17, 2010 in the Lancet.
Para el artículo completo: The Heart.org
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