tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64159948781951545832024-03-05T09:55:56.893-08:00Blog del Dr. Víctor CastañedaEspecializado en DIABETES, EDUCACIÓN DIABETOLÓGICA y MEDICINA INTERNA
Aquí encontrarás temas relacionados a la medicina del adulto y otros temas interesantesDr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.comBlogger796125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-33004533176330894962023-06-29T19:53:00.002-07:002023-06-29T19:53:59.628-07:00<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc3EdgBTwhNeBmJfKr_Gr8Ubhz7ITLtI9i4o_azbrsDQmp3cGuJDhFotIyCiP4psgRRzM-pC2RtOshrwpe2jENnYcf8RuFCceJwDxuhUz_55EILiF9DXIRwGdkLpnTOFjNS0B1RJHlT6qOPOuLKIYnCRKXGcFBDJ6e4i1iapcoZFoFYGj1SxELaOfmeaY/s684/Charla%20Barberena%20!.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="684" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc3EdgBTwhNeBmJfKr_Gr8Ubhz7ITLtI9i4o_azbrsDQmp3cGuJDhFotIyCiP4psgRRzM-pC2RtOshrwpe2jENnYcf8RuFCceJwDxuhUz_55EILiF9DXIRwGdkLpnTOFjNS0B1RJHlT6qOPOuLKIYnCRKXGcFBDJ6e4i1iapcoZFoFYGj1SxELaOfmeaY/s320/Charla%20Barberena%20!.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-79021557113707773762021-12-19T15:10:00.001-08:002021-12-19T15:10:20.295-08:00<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEip8TRDqV7MxEgFQNzCBA1NlZ7BLXD-pte31q_T-bWuHCev8QPKfWU217biUZmpkYaONha9TNrcB3g-jha-5L2IvsSwGf3rfRl0Jz354f8xs3nioIEty1I4Vnjh0GBFXTW-N1esT7VQSIThNPCSvwrmCWHmwXOoCl680u64P7YAaV9q6zxan7Vf8QCz7w=s679" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="679" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEip8TRDqV7MxEgFQNzCBA1NlZ7BLXD-pte31q_T-bWuHCev8QPKfWU217biUZmpkYaONha9TNrcB3g-jha-5L2IvsSwGf3rfRl0Jz354f8xs3nioIEty1I4Vnjh0GBFXTW-N1esT7VQSIThNPCSvwrmCWHmwXOoCl680u64P7YAaV9q6zxan7Vf8QCz7w=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-21355741394851402092020-03-07T17:33:00.001-08:002020-03-07T17:33:24.959-08:00Les compartimos la técnica correcta p el lavado de manos !<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-49606392256561723272016-04-07T21:44:00.002-07:002016-04-07T21:44:48.915-07:00Lectura obligatoria para todos los que somos padres... Importantísimo e ilumina...<a href="http://www.rinconpsicologia.com/2016/03/educacion-moderna-trastornos-infantiles.html?m=0" target="_blank">Los 4 excesos de la educación moderna que trastornan a los niños</a>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-77016319598211353302016-03-27T19:00:00.002-07:002016-03-27T19:00:53.830-07:00La extinción del planeta ya es una realidad: el punto irreversible de temperatura ha sido superadoPienso en mis hijos...<br />
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<a href="http://gt.tuhistory.com/noticias/la-extincion-del-planeta-ya-es-una-realidad-el-punto-irreversible-de-temperatura-ha-sido" target="_blank">http://gt.tuhistory.com/noticias/la-extincion-del-planeta-ya-es-una-realidad-el-punto-irreversible-de-temperatura-ha-sido</a>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-13656954474709555252016-02-19T14:31:00.000-08:002016-02-19T14:31:03.317-08:00La importancia de las horas de sueño !<header style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.285px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 itemprop="headline name" style="border: 0px; color: #00529c; font-family: 'Myriad Pro'; font-size: 1.5em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 15px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A Third of U.S. Adults Don't Get Regular, Refreshing Sleep: CDC</h1>
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Study finds people who work, have a college degree or are married tend to get better sleep</div>
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THURSDAY, Feb. 18, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- One of every three Americans doesn't get enough sleep on a regular basis, a new study from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says.</div>
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About 35 percent of U.S. adults are sleeping less than seven hours a night, increasing their risk of a wide variety of health problems, CDC researchers reported on Feb. 18 in the agency's <i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>.</div>
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Getting less than seven hours of sleep a night has been associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, frequent mental distress and death, the study authors said.</div>
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"People have to recognize that sleep is just as important as what they're eating and how much they're exercising," said Dr. Shalini Paruthi, co-director of the Sleep Medicine and Research Center at St. Luke's Hospital in St. Louis. "It's one of the pillars of good health."</div>
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The CDC study is the first to document estimated sleep duration for all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, the researchers said.</div>
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The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and the Sleep Research Society recommend that adults ages 18 to 60 sleep at least seven hours each night to promote optimal health and well-being.</div>
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"There seems to be sort of a good cutoff point, where if you get at least seven hours, your body and brain will function at their best," said Paruthi, noting that a 15-member AASM panel came to this conclusion after reviewing thousands of sleep studies.</div>
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The percentage of people getting a good night's sleep varied widely from state to state, ranging from 56 percent in Hawaii to nearly 72 percent in South Dakota, the CDC reported.</div>
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Work appears to help people get a good night's rest. People who are unable to work or are unemployed had lower healthy sleep duration (51 percent and 60 percent, respectively) than did employed folks (65 percent), researchers said.</div>
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People with higher education also appeared better able to sleep well. The percentage of people who get healthy sleep duration was highest among people with a college degree or higher (72 percent), the survey noted.</div>
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Married folks also sleep better, with 67 percent getting healthy sleep compared with 62 percent of people never married and 56 percent of those divorced, separated or widowed, the study showed.</div>
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Most people don't get enough sleep because they aren't scheduling a good night's rest as part of their busy day, Paruthi said.</div>
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"Our society is very go-go-go. There's a lot of things to get done in one day," she said. "Sleep tends to be something that people fail to prioritize."</div>
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Poor health also might play a role in robbing people of rest. About a quarter of the U.S. population suffers from sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing pauses or grows shallow during sleep, said Dr. Jordan Josephson, an ear, nose, throat and sinus specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.</div>
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Sleep apnea is strongly linked to excess weight, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The CDC researchers found that people in the southeastern region of the United States and the Appalachian Mountains got the least sleep, and notably, these regions also have high rates of obesity and other chronic conditions.</div>
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People who snore and never feel well-rested should keep in mind they might be suffering from sleep apnea, Josephson said.</div>
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"If you're snoring, chances are that even if you're getting your seven hours, it's not a good seven hours," he said. "You should see your physician and take it seriously."</div>
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The AASM has a list of "sleep hygiene" tips for people who want to improve their sleep. They include:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none outside; margin: 0px 0px 20px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Go to bed at the same time each night and rise at the same time each morning.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Make sure the bedroom is a quiet, dark and relaxing environment, kept at a comfortable temperature.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Get a comfortable mattress and sheets, and use the bed only for sleeping and sex.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Avoid exposure to screens or bright light prior to bedtime.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Don't eat a large meal before bedtime, and avoid alcohol and caffeine.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If you don't fall asleep after 20 minutes, get out of bed and do something relaxing before trying again.</li>
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<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">More information</b></div>
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For more information on sleep, visit the <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/index.html" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_new">U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>.</div>
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SOURCES: Shalini Paruthi, M.D., co-director, Sleep Medicine and Research Center, St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis; Jordan Josephson, M.D., ear, nose, throat and sinus specialist, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City; Feb. 18, 2016, <i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i></div>
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Fuente: http://consumer.healthday.com/public-health-information-30/centers-for-disease-control-news-120/a-third-of-u-s-adults-don-t-get-regular-refreshing-sleep-study-708206.htmlDr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-79465664331147790192016-01-18T16:50:00.001-08:002016-01-18T16:50:06.489-08:00Que bueno...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-87153244439592076082015-12-15T17:04:00.001-08:002015-12-15T17:04:36.882-08:00The efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing diabetes<div id="topmatter" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -6px; vertical-align: baseline; z-index: 100;">
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The efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial of the Probiotics Prevention Diabetes Programme (PPDP)</h1>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Qun Yan</strong>, <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Xu Li</strong> and <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bo Feng</strong><sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">*</sup></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; left: 0.9em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline;">*</span>Corresponding author: Bo Feng <a href="mailto:fengbo@medmail.com.cn" style="border: 0px; color: #008b91; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">fengbo@medmail.com.cn</a></div>
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Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Jimo Road 150, Shanghai, China</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BMC Endocrine Disorders</em> 2015, <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">15</strong>:74 <span class="pseudotab" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">doi:10.1186/s12902-015-0071-9</span></div>
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<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Accepted:</td><td style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17 November 2015</td></tr>
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© 2015 Yan et al. </div>
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Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" style="border: 0px; color: #008b91; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</div>
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Abstract</h3>
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Background</h4>
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Alterations in intestinal microbiota correlate with risk of development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Probiotics have been suggested to play an important role in the management of dysglycemia, although the evidence is limited. In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance.</div>
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Methods/Design</h4>
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A 24-month randomized intervention is conducted from January 2014 to December 2016. The target sample size for intervention is 200 middle-aged men and women aged 30–65 year-old with impaired glucose tolerance. Participants with persistent impaired glucose tolerance were assigned to group A (tablet A) and B (tablet B) in sequential order. The participants and investigators were blinded to the assignment. The primary outcome is development of diabetes. The secondary outcome measures include body composition, biochemical variables and the safety of the probiotics.</div>
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Discussion</h4>
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The results from this trial will provide the evidence on the efficacy and safety of probiotics administration in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes in a Chinese context.</div>
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Trial registration</h4>
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<a href="http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5543" style="border: 0px; color: #008b91; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ChiCTRTRC13004024</a></div>
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Fuente: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6823/15/74</div>
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Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-82926380157525196102015-12-09T13:26:00.001-08:002015-12-09T13:26:12.158-08:00Could Old Gout Drug Offer New CV Benefits?<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #474e51; font-family: BerninaSansWeb, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; line-height: 27px;">Colchicine use was associated with fewer cardiovascular events and lower all-cause mortality</span></div>
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The elevated risk of cardiovascular events among patients with gout declined in those who used colchicine, an observational study found.</div>
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The incidence rate ratios among colchicine users compared with non-users were 0.52 (95% CI 0.29-0.92) for myocardial infarction, 0.34 (95% CI 0.14-0.71) for stroke, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.24-2.39) for transient ischemic attack, according to <a href="http://researchfaculty.brighamandwomens.org/BRIProfile.aspx?id=2435" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0484d9; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Daniel H. Solomon, MD</a>, and colleagues from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.</div>
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After adjustment for all covariates including age, sex, race, history of CV disease, diabetes, and hypertension, and the use of medications such as statins and aspirin, the risk of a composite CV endpoint that included all these events was 49% lower among gout patients who took colchicine (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.88, <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em>=0.016), the researchers reported online in <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2015/11/17/annrheumdis-2015-207984.abstract" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0484d9; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</a>.</em></div>
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"While we are unable to confirm a causal link in a non-randomized observational study, this study provides justification for a randomized controlled trial of colchicine to reduce CV risk among patients with gout," Solomon and colleagues stated.</div>
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Because atherosclerosis is strongly associated with inflammation, there are current efforts to explore the possibility of using immunomodulatory medications including colchicine, methotrexate, and canakinumab (Ilaris) for prevention.</div>
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Colchicine "downregulates inflammation through blocking microtubule spindle formation, disrupting inflammasome function, inhibiting cytokine production, and hindering neutrophil chemotaxis," the researchers explained.</div>
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Previous studies have suggested that the drug -- used in gout for hundreds of years -- was beneficial for secondary CV prevention in the general population, but little is known about its CV prevention effects in gout patients themselves.</div>
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Therefore, the researchers analyzed data from the Brigham and Women's Hospital electronic medical records and the linked Medicare databases for the years 2006 to 2011.</div>
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They identified 501 patients with gout who had a first prescription for colchicine during that time, matching them by age, gender, and index date with gout patients without colchicine prescriptions.</div>
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Average age was 73, and two-thirds of the study participants were men. The cases and controls were similar in history of heart failure, CV disease, and chronic kidney disease, but cases had more hypertension (77% versus 28%, <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em><0 .0001="" 16="" allopurinol="" and="" anti-inflammatory="" body="" commonly="" drugs="" em="" especially="" had="" higher="" index="" mass="" more="" nbsp="" nonsteroidal="" statins="" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" used="" versus="">P</0></div>
<0 .0001="" 1.3="" follow-up="" median="" p="" was="" years.=""><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #444444; font-family: BerninaSansWeb-Light, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 27px; margin-top: 30px; max-width: 700px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 679px;">
While the rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and transient ischemic attack were lower in the colchicine group, the rates of revascularization procedures were similar. For coronary artery bypass grafts, the incidence rate ratio was 3.11 (95% CI 0.71-18.62), and for percutaneous coronary intervention the ratio was 1.03 (95% CI 0.59-1.78).</div>
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In an additional analysis using all-cause mortality as the outcome, colchicine users had a lower risk, with a hazard ratio of 0.27 (95% CI 0.17-0.43, <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em><0 .0001="" p=""><div class="tablet-ad-wrap-container" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: BerninaSansWeb, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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Colchicine typically is not used for extended periods, but rather is given for the acute attack or at the initiation of urate-lowering therapy, but some patients with frequent flares have used it long term.</div>
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"These results, along with those from prior studies, suggest that long-term colchicine may provide CV risk protection among patients with gout with and without known cardiovascular disease, a group known to experience a 30% to 60% increased risk of CV events," Solomon and colleagues observed.</div>
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However, they advised that their findings should be interpreted with caution, noting that prescriptions for colchicine may have been more commonly given to patients willing to take medications, or that providers may have hesitated to prescribe the drug to the sickest patients. There also could have been residual confounding.</div>
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"Results from this study may be considered hypothesis-generating for a formal test of whether colchicine reduces CV risk in the setting of a randomized controlled trial," they concluded.</div>
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If the drug does succeed in decreasing CV risk in a formal study, it is likely that the effects derive from colchicine's immunomodulatory effects, as it does not lower uric acid, the investigators noted.</div>
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The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health.</div>
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The authors reported financial relationships with Lilly, Pfizer, Amgen, and AstraZeneca.</div>
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LAST UPDATED <time style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #00235f; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11.20.2015</time></div>
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<ul style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 34px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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Primary Source</h4>
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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</h5>
<a href="http://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2015/11/17/annrheumdis-2015-207984.abstract" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0484d9; display: inline-block; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.025em; line-height: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a2a2a2; font-family: HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Source Reference:</span> Solomon D, et al "Effects of colchicine on risk of cardiovascular events and mortality among patients with gout: a cohort study using electronic medical records linked with Medicare claims" <em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ann Rheum Dis</em>2015; DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207984.</a></li>
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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: BerninaSansWeb-Light, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">Fuente: </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: BerninaSansWeb-Light, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px;">http://www.medpagetoday.com/Rheumatology/GeneralRheumatology/54805?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2015-11-21&eun=g419731d0r</span></span></div>
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</0>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-29510872733431931282015-12-03T05:29:00.001-08:002015-12-03T05:29:52.876-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6HRNxItCLW_sthpiXbY2ZgLXex7mHEI04n9GyR_FTUazHFcjyGLlSJush6DkcRRFnu-sViP10CvwfmSXlVPVlOG2n4WaWBWOWrmnz4GBgfPCNfNHVEMZz8ZOtVEUWyL6xaMXRLgh_86mw/s1600/Taza.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6HRNxItCLW_sthpiXbY2ZgLXex7mHEI04n9GyR_FTUazHFcjyGLlSJush6DkcRRFnu-sViP10CvwfmSXlVPVlOG2n4WaWBWOWrmnz4GBgfPCNfNHVEMZz8ZOtVEUWyL6xaMXRLgh_86mw/s320/Taza.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-35286604158670714702015-10-18T23:00:00.000-07:002015-10-18T23:00:41.490-07:00New four-drug mixture reverses Type 1 diabetes in mice<span class="dropcap-bg light-blue-bg bold drop-summary" style="background: rgb(0, 166, 240); border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 45px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 45px; margin: 4px 10px 0px 0px; min-width: 50px; padding: 7px 0px; text-align: center;">A</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22.4px;">new, four–drug cocktail has shown a novel ability to reverse established Type 1 diabetes in some mice, University of Florida Health researchers have found. Fifty percent of mice that were treated with the four drugs had their established diabetes go into remission, according to the findings. The drug cocktail also succeeded in reversing new–onset cases of Type 1 diabetes in 83 percent of the mice. But it’s the drugs’ effectiveness with established cases that is particularly encouraging because that has the most potential to translate into helping human patients, said Michael Haller, M.D., an associate professor of pediatrics in the UF College of Medicine and a pediatric endocrinologist with the UF Diabetes Institute. The findings were published recently in the journal Diabetes. The combination treatment also may be more translatable to human clinical trials because it uses a lower dose of the drug thymoglobulin, which researchers said makes it safer and causes fewer side effects. In addition to thymoglobulin, the other drugs tested were granulocyte–colony stimulating factor, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor. When used together, the four drugs have a synergy that makes them substantially more effective than they are individually, researchers found. The study did not determine why the four–drug cocktail was effective in some mice but not others.</span><br />
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Fuente: http://www.mdlinx.com/endocrinology/medical-news-article/2015/10/15/6371233/?news_id=561&newsdt=101715&utm_source=WeeklyNL&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_content=Weeks-Best-Article&utm_campaign=article-section&category=latest-weekly<br />
<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-73194441965262674222015-10-18T19:27:00.003-07:002015-10-18T19:30:36.510-07:00Killer Whale Vs Great White shark - National Geographic WILD <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Increíble !!!</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnXp-X__E44" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnXp-X__E44</a></span></b>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-1053737524361736822015-09-29T17:40:00.001-07:002015-09-29T17:40:42.181-07:00¿Son los holandeses los más altos del mundo por comer más queso?<div class="story-body__mini-info-list-and-share" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(219, 219, 219); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; overflow: auto; padding: 0px 0px 16px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 645.328px;">
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29 septiembre 2015</div>
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<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width lead" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="queso holandés" class="js-image-replace" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130404_queso_624x351_thinkstock_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 645.781px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">thinkstock</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">En Holanda, el queso se come a diario, además de otros productos lácteos. Es un componente habitual en el desayuno.</span></figcaption></figure><div class="story-body__introduction" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A principios de este año, un museo de Ámsterdam fue la escena de un terrible crimen.</div>
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Mientras revisaban la sala, los trabajadores del museo descubrieron con horror que una de las piezas más valiosas de la exhibición -un pequeño y brillante objeto con 220 diamantes- había desaparecido.</div>
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Un video de seguridad mostró a dos jóvenes con gorras de béisbol merodeando cerca de la caja donde se exponía la obra: alguien había robado la cortadora de queso más cara del mundo.</div>
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En algunos países, un robo en el museo nacional del queso puede sonar como la trama perfecta de una película para niños.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pero en Holanda el queso es un asunto serio.</strong></div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2014/12/141128_vert_fut_queso_lp.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lee: El fascinante mundo interior del queso</a></div>
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Para los holandeses, los productos lácteos no son solamente alimentos básicos, sino símbolos nacionales.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="cortadora de queso con diamantes" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130512_queso_624x351_boska_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130512_queso_624x351_boska_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Boska</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">El robo de la cortadora de queso más cara del mundo, en un museo de Amsterdam, todavía no ha sido resuelto.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Y también la parte fundamental de su importante industria de exportación.</div>
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"Las posaderas del mundo"</h2>
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El amor de los holandeses hacia los productos lácteos es, en gran medida, consecuencia directa de su geografía única.</div>
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Hace 400 años, gran parte del país estaba sumergido bajo el agua y parte del resto era una marisma pantanosa.</div>
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"Las posaderas del mundo", así fue cómo un visitante del siglo XVII describió al país,<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> "lleno de venas y sangre, pero ningún hueso"</strong>.</div>
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Durante los siglos siguientes, Holanda se embarcó en un extraordinario proyecto de reconstrucción.</div>
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Miles de canales fueron excavados y drenaron los pantanos con cientos de molinos de viento que bombeaban agua.</div>
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El país de las vacas</h2>
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El nuevo terreno resultó perfecto para cultivar hierba húmeda, alimento ideal para las vacas.</div>
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Pronto, se empezaron a ver miles de estas criaturas pastando felizmente por las nuevas tierras.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="la vaca pauline wayne" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130647_queso_624x351_alamy_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130647_queso_624x351_alamy_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ALAMY</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">La vaca Pauline Wayne proporcionaba leche para la Casa Blanca en el año 1909.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
La raza más popular del país -la frisona blanca y negra- se hizo mundialmente famosa.</div>
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Una de ellas,<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> la vaca Pauline Wayne, llegó incluso a vivir en la Casa Blanca</strong>, proporcionando leche para el presidente William Howard Taft y concediendo "entrevistas" para el <i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Washington Post.</i></div>
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La leche se convirtió en Holanda en una bebida popular, en una época en la que el agua potable escaseaba.</div>
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Toda la leche que no se bebía servía para fabricar mantequillas o quesos, que a menudo recibían el nombre de las ciudades donde se creaban, como es el caso del Gouda.</div>
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Además, el cuero de vaca se utilizaba como cimiento para edificaciones en Ámsterdam.</div>
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Un gran negocio</h2>
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A día de hoy, Holanda cuenta con más de un millón y medio de vacas lecheras -casi tantas como Bélgica, Dinamarca y Suecia juntas.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Estas vacas producen cada año más de 12 millones de toneladas de leche y 800.000 toneladas de queso.</strong></div>
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Según la asociación lechera Zuivel NL, las cerca de 18.000 granjas holandesas proveen 60.000 puestos de trabajo en el país.</div>
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Y cada año, Holanda exporta cerca de 7.000 millones de euros (<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">US$7.800 millones</strong>) en productos lácteos a países tan lejanos como China, Nigeria o Arabia Saudita.</div>
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Las vacas lecheras se han convertido, de hecho, en uno de los pilares que ayudaron al despegue de la economía holandesa.</div>
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Pero el negocio de los productos lácteos en el país no consiste sólo en la exportación; los propios holandeses consumen grandes cantidades de estos productos.</div>
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Para ellos, la leche y el queso son alimentos básicos, parte esencial de su compra semanal -como el arroz lo es en China o las bolsas de té lo son para los ingleses.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption body-narrow-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; float: right; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 22px -24.6406px 24px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="vacas en holanda" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130621_queso_304x171_afp_nocredit.jpg" height="171" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/304/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130621_queso_304x171_afp_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;" width="304" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">AFP</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Las vacas frisonas holandesas son mundialmente conocidas.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Se dice que una sexta parte de la compra de un holandés se compone de productos lácticos.</div>
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En un año, <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">un holandés consume de promedio más del 25% de productos lácteos</strong> que sus homólogos británicos, americanos o alemanes.</div>
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Sin embargo, la cocina holandesa no tiene gran reconocimiento a nivel internacional. Los platos populares se componen de verduras como repollo y patata.</div>
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El queso es una gran excepción, un alimento que puede transformar al holandés más humilde en un quisquilloso <i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gourmet.</i></div>
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Los mercados holandeses venden queso en una impresionante variedad de tamaños, edades y sabores, desde <i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Maasdammer</i>, con sus agujeros al estilo suizo, al <i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Komijnekaas,</i> del tamaño de una rueda de carro.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/05/150529_queso_suizo_misterio_aw.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lee: Resuelven el misterio de los agujeros en el queso suizo</a></div>
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Quizás el queso más famoso es el esférico <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Edam</i></strong>, recubierto de cera para ayudar a retener la humedad y apilado en las estanterías de los supermercados.</div>
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En 1840,<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> un acorazado uruguayo llegó a utilizar estos quesos holandeses como bolas de cañón, </strong>rompiendo el principal mástil y rasgando las velas de un rival argentino.</div>
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Hoy en día, este tipo de quesos se comen en el país incluso en el desayuno.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="bolas de queso holandés" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130542_queso_624x351_getty_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130542_queso_624x351_getty_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Getty</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">El queso Edam fue utilizado por un acorazado uruguayo como balas de cañón.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Los trenes de la mañana se llenan de pasajeros comiendo sándwiches caseros de queso y pan integral, a menudo acompañados de un yogur o un vaso de leche.</div>
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Cuenta una leyenda urbana que un ejecutivo incluso se quejó a la aerolínea nacional KLM sobre la comida que servían en clase preferente -no era necesaria tanta comida caliente y champaña, dijo. <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Un sabroso sándwich de queso y un vaso de leche eran más que suficiente.</strong></div>
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Tierra de gigantes</h2>
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Uno podría pensar que una dieta con tantos lácteos no es buena para conservar la cintura, pero los holandeses parecer haber crecido en el sentido contrario.</div>
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A mediados del siglo XIX, un holandés medía 1,63 centímetros de alto -era 7,5 centímetros más bajo que un americano medio.</div>
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Sin embargo, <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tras 150 años de una dieta rica en leche y queso, los holandeses lograron sobrepasar a los americanos y a todos los demás.</strong></div>
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Durante aquella época, los hombres medían de promedio 1,83 centímetros y las mujeres 1,70 centímetros.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pasaron de estar entre los más bajos de Europa a convertirse en los más altos del mundo.</strong></div>
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Los científicos continúan debatiendo las causas de este "estirón": una alimentación mejorada, democratización de la salud, factores genéticos o selección natural, son algunos de los motivos en el centro de la discusión.</div>
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Un dato importante es que <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">el crecimiento parece ser contagioso: los inmigrantes que viven en Holanda normalmente crecen mucho más</strong> que los compatriotas que permanecen en sus países de origen.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="queso Komijnekaas " class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130718_queso_624x351_thinkstock_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/29/150929130718_queso_624x351_thinkstock_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thinkstock</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Komijnekaas, también holandés, contiene semillas de comino.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Por lo tanto, es perfectamente posible que la adicción de los holandeses a los productos lácteos haya jugado un papel fundamental en la conversión de este país en una nación de gigantes.</div>
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Durante los últimos años, los productores de leche en Europa han atravesado tiempos difíciles. Sus exportaciones a Rusia -un mercado importante para el queso holandés- colapsó el año pasado durante el conflicto en Crimea.</div>
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Este año, la abolición por parte de la Unión Europa de las cuotas de producción de leche obligó a bajar los precios hasta en un 20% de algunas partes del continente.</div>
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Pero para la mayoría de los holandeses, el amor por la lactosa permanece intacto.<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">La leche sigue siendo una de las bebidas favoritas y el queso, una "religión" nacional.</strong></div>
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La cortadora de diamantes que fue robada en el museo del queso nunca fue encontrada.</div>
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En su desesperación, Boska, la compañía que lo fabricó, ofrece una recompensa que espera atraer el interés de sus compatriotas: quien encuentre la máquina de cortar recibirá la <i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fondue</i> de queso más grande del mundo.</div>
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Fuente: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/09/150929_salud_nutricion_holandeses_queso_lb?SThisFB</div>
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Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-43778924959547996742015-09-19T11:05:00.002-07:002015-09-19T11:05:44.237-07:00Padres conductistas: el daño que causan a sus hijos<h1 itemprop="name" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto Condensed', sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.45em;">La preocupación por la violencia va en aumento, es momento de analizar la manera de educar dentro de la familia ¿estamos desarrollando o estamos condicionando? Descubre si estás entrenando a tus hijos para el éxito o el fracaso.</span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.familias.com/authors/julia-tort" rel="author" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Julia Tort</a></h3>
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780,710 views | 5,349 compartido </div>
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A lo largo de la historia, el ser humano ha encontrado diferentes maneras de educar a sus hijos. La historia no es progresiva ni todo cambio es siempre para bien: pero por fortuna cada vez hay mayor información con bases científicas, a fin de eliminar todo aquello que es tóxico en la salud física, mental y espiritual, tanto de los receptores como de los emisores. Te daré algunas razones por las cuales los premios y castigos que un padre utiliza con sus hijos, pueden causarles graves trastornos psicológicos y afectar su conducta emocional:</div>
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Cuando terminé de estudiar mi carrera de Educación Preescolar, trabajé con un grupo numeroso de niños. Entre ellos había un alto índice de agresión. Con el tiempo, me di cuenta que debía profundizar en las causas de los comportamientos infantiles para apoyar a los padres de familia, así que estudié una segunda carrera: psicología conductista. Al concluirla, me percaté que no era exactamente la psicología clínica la que me hacía feliz, entonces por cuenta propia me preparé en el área humanística y desde entonces he hecho un trabajo constante de transformación comenzando por mí misma. ¿Por qué te cuento esto? Porque lo que quiero transmitirte no es una forma de pensar propia, sino un estilo de vida que adopté para tener resultados positivos, así es que lo que estás a punto de leer, lo he puesto a prueba como madre, educadora e instructora y deseo aportar a tu vida esta valiosa información, para que tengas éxito en tu noble tarea como padre.</div>
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Como seres humanos somos muy complejos. Sin embargo, precisamente en la diversidad están las respuestas del por qué no ser tratados de igual manera: cada persona tiene una sensibilidad diferente; por ser seres biológicos, no estamos fabricados en serie, ni programados bajo un mismo boceto, así que lo primero que debes considerar es que aunque los hijos sean gemelos o hermanos que viven bajo el mismo techo, con los mismos padres y las mismas circunstancias, tienen un cerebro distinto, sus canales de percepción funcionan de manera diferente y por lo tanto sus percepciones no son iguales, esto es lo que implica la genialidad humana: “Tú eres único e irrepetible”.</div>
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Tus hijos pueden ser exitosos de acuerdo a los <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">estímulos sociales</span>que se le otorguen, principalmente cuando están basados en el respeto y manejo de un lenguaje adecuando porque van dirigidos hacia su <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">individualidad</span>y no a condicionantes <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-event="content/0/0/0/" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwdBk_elRIw" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f91cd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">premios o castigos circunstanciales</a></span> y manipulativos. Analicemos brevemente:</div>
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Consecuencias de educar con castigos:</h2>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Cuando condicionas, restas seguridad</span></div>
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Imaginemos que alguien le dice a su hijo: “Si no obedeces, ya no te voy a querer”, o: “Te voy a regalar.” Cuando condicionas el amor, sin darte cuenta estás mermando la confianza y una parte muy importante de su seguridad e identidad personal.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Al usar condicionales, amenazas con un castigo</span></div>
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Honestamente evalúa cuántas veces mencionas “Si haces… te doy”, “si tú… entonces yo…” o “Si no… entonces no...”, “¡Te lo advierto!” y observa cómo siempre va de por medio la amenaza de un castigo, prohibiciones, retiro de privilegios o agresiones físicas, psicológicas y/o verbales.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Detienes la formación de tu hijo</span></div>
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<a data-event="content/0/0/0/" href="http://www.sincastigos.com/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f91cd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Los castigos entrenan a tu hijo a “obedecer”</a> y mientras haya reglas severas y “manipuladoras” qué seguir, mutilas su poder de decisión.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Dañas a tu hijo</span></div>
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<a data-event="content/0/0/0/" href="http://www.familias.com/ser%20padres/como-criar-hijos-buenos-y-felices-sin-castigarlos-primera-parte" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f91cd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Los castigos no son edificantes</a>. Tal vez pienses que los castigos son “por el bien del niño”. Sin embargo estos métodos no edifican: La presión extrema en el castigado, genera violencia que puede ser expresada hacia los demás o hacia uno mismo (maltratos físicos, intento de suicidio o suicidio). Cuando un ser humano vive cuadros de impotencia a niveles altísimos de manera recurrente, pueden generarse trastornos mentales (psicosis, esquizofrenia, paranoia, etc.), debido a una desorganización neuropsicológica compleja, la cual altera la percepción de la realidad: causa ansiedad y despersonalización. Entonces, la conducta que deseas “corregir” se irá haciendo cada vez más compleja y negativa.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Ese daño es a corto, y a largo plazo</span></div>
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<a data-event="content/0/0/0/" href="http://www.sincastigos.com/terapias/testimonios/112-conductismo-iinocuo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f91cd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Los castigos traen consecuencias psicológicas nefastas</a>, porque golpean directo a la identidad personal, de esta manera nacen paradigmas que limitan el poder de crear, de ejecutar y de atreverse a Ser: Cuando castigas severamente a tu hijo, éste podría enfrentar trastornos emocionales crónicos y en aumento, desde los más simples hasta los más graves pudiendo incluso requerir atención psiquiátrica.</div>
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¿De qué manera los castigos dañan la personalidad?</h2>
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El castigo puede poner al infante en polos opuestos, con efectos secundarios que dañan la personalidad profundamente:</div>
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1) Desafiante. Estado de rebeldía constante ante la autoridad.</div>
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2) Sumiso. Persona que está en la <a data-event="content/0/0/0/" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefensi%C3%B3n_aprendida" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f91cd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">indefensión aprendida</a>. En cualquiera de los dos casos, siempre el sujeto tiende a pensar: “hago algo que no está bien”, “soy inadecuado”, “me lo merezco y lo acepto (sumiso)”, o bien, “Soy de lo peor, lo acepto y además lo reafirmo constantemente (desafiante)”</div>
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Consecuencias de educar con premios</h2>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Inseguridad</span></div>
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Al ser tú quien decida —según tu juicio— qué es lo que tu hijo puede ser, hacer o tener, le traerá dificultades en su edad adulta porque siempre buscará la aprobación social para ejecutar acciones e irá en detrimento de su valoración interna.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Manipulable</span></div>
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Los premios son una manera de dominar. Eso puede ser una condicionante para regresar a castigar, porque el niño al recibir una recompensa, será vulnerable a ser nuevamente manipulado.</div>
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Falta de automotivación</span></div>
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Premiar, condiciona las respuestas. Por lo tanto, tu hijo siempre estará esperando recibir primero para después dar y si no hay recompensa entonces no habrá respuesta (esto es totalmente contrario a las leyes del éxito en la vida). Cuando el niño dentro de la tarea encuentra satisfacción, no es necesario condicionar con premios o amenazar con castigos.</div>
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Dentro del lenguaje que utilizas debe existir el “reconocimiento” que es distinto a la “recompensa”, lo que dices y la manera de hacerlo, marca contundentemente la diferencia entre guiones psicológicos de éxito o fracaso que tu hijo graba para el resto de su vida. Es opuesto que digas “gracias por guardar tus juguetes en su lugar” (reconozco tu trabajo y esmero) que bajo la misma experiencia digas, “¡Muy bien, guardaste tus juguetes en su lugar!” (Obedeciste – cumpliste con mis expectativas).</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26.1px;">Fuente: http://www.familias.com/ser%20padres/padres-conductistas-el-dano-que-causan-a-sus-hijos</span></span></div>
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Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-86737846860904364792015-09-16T15:50:00.002-07:002015-09-16T15:50:17.347-07:00Es el paracetamol inocuo ???<h1 class="dcArticleHeadline" itemprop="name" style="color: #cc0033; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;">
Paracetamol: an oldie repurposed</h1>
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14. September 2015</div>
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In recent years, there have been a lot of warnings against the use of paracetamol: the painkiller can cause all sorts of diseases. Recent studies no longer suggest using this old favourite for joint and back pain and instead have set their eye on new applications.</div>
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The painkiller paracetamol has been on the WHO list of essential drugs since 1977. Considering that the group of non-opioid analgesics is quite small, an understandable idea. For several years, there has been evidence that paracetamol is not as harmless as long assumed. Increasingly, there have been studies that even deny the pain medication’s efficacy in certain diseases. In July 2014, the <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960805-9/abstract" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">PACE study [paywall]</a> (Paracetamol for Low-Back Pain Study) showed that the popular analgesic failed to relieve low back pain. A <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h1225" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">meta-analysis</a> published early this year by Christopher Maher’s working group at the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney looked at the efficacy of paracetamol for acute low back pain. The result: paracetamol (PCM) neither reduces the intensity of pain (mean difference -0.5, 95-percent confidence interval -2.9 to 1.9) nor diminished the pain-related disability (0.4, -1.7 to 2.5); it also did not improve the quality of life (0.4, -0.9 to 1.7).</div>
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Maher’s working group evaluated ten high-quality, randomised and placebo-controlled trials with 3,541 patients and evaluated the efficacy of paracetamol for back pain. The pain intensity improved with PCM by 3.7 points (5.5 to 1.9) and the disability decreased by 2.9 points from (4.9 to 0.9). If the researchers had used the analogue numerical pain scale (1 to 10) commonly used in Germany, this would be a respectable success. But they were using a scale from 1 to 100. The difference from the placebo is therefore not significant. In the studies, it was almost four times more likely to result in an increase in liver enzymes (risk ratio 3.8; 1.9 to 7.4), which is why paracetamol should never be used without hesitation.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;">PCM does not speed recovery</strong></h3>
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<a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960805-9/abstract" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Christopher Williams [paywall]</a> from the George Institute examined the recovery time for back pain when treated with paracetamol. The 1,652 patients were divided into three groups. One group was given the analgesic three times a day, the second received it only in acute cases, and the third group received placebos. In the treatment group, the patients were free of symptoms after 17 days; in the placebo group after 16 days. “Our results suggest that regular or dosage as needed of paracetamol does not affect recovery time for lower back pain compared to placebo,” the authors said.</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Questionable effect on osteoarthritis, too</strong></h3>
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Results of a study by <a href="http://ard.bmj.com/content/63/8/923.full" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Dougados et al.</a> show no effect of paracetamol in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. A total of 779 patients were randomized to receive six weeks of treatment with 4 grams of paracetamol or placebo daily. The primary endpoint was a 30 percent decrease in overall pain intensity in the knee. After six weeks, the analgesic effect of the paracetamol was not significantly different from placebo. Even the study’s authors admit that a study of nearly 800 patients was not sufficiently broad enough to conclude that paracetamol is completely ineffective in joint pain.</div>
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Risk to the foetus?</h3>
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It has been a frequent subject of discussion whether paracetamol presents a risk to male foetuses and could promote cryptorchidism. A recent study by <a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/7/288/288ra80" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">van den Driesche</a> sees a risk to the future fertility of unborn male children. The analgesic is said to affect foetal testosterone levels. The Information page of the German Pharmacovigilance and Advisory Centre on Embryonal Toxicology still sees no increased risk for embryos: “According to current knowledge, paracetamol does not increase the risk of malformations. (…) This is also true for the recently alleged relationship between taking paracetamol at the end of the first trimester or early in the second and the occurrence of cryptorchidism. The results in question are contradictory, based on small sample sizes in studies with problematic methodology, and cannot be plausibly explained.”</div>
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<strong style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Paracetamol makes the psyche feel good</strong></h3>
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Regardless of possible risks during pregnancy, paracetamol has effects in an entirely different area: “Taking paracetamol appears to have more far-reaching consequences than previously thought. Because the drug apparently does not just dull the pain, but also one’s feelings,” says Geoffrey Durso summarising the result of <a href="http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/04/09/0956797615570366.abstract" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">his investigation [paywall]</a>. 82 subjects were shown pictures that were neutral, pleasant, or those which aroused strong emotions. Cute kittens, cows grazing, and war scenarios were used. Some of the subjects received 1000 mg of paracetamol one hour before the experiment and the others received a placebo. The treatment group assessed the shocking or pleasing photos significantly less positively or negatively in an emotional ranking scale.</div>
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A study by <a href="http://sanlab.psych.ucla.edu/papers_files/Eisenberger%282012%29CDPS.pdf" style="color: #990033; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Eisenberger et al</a> looked at the effect of paracetamol on “social pain”, specifically lovesickness. This and the pain from rejection are both improved by taking paracetamol. Paracetamol also intervenes in the serotonergic nervous system and acts with cannabis receptors. Whether these are reasons for the psychotropic effects, we can only speculate.</div>
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The new findings do not put the reliable effect of paracetamol with other pain or fever conditions in question. Nevertheless, they can encourage practitioners to use the analgesic in more targeted and more restrictive manner.</div>
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<span class="dcNewsAuthorPostPrefix" style="display: block; line-height: 22px;">Article by</span><a href="http://news.doccheck.com/en/author/matthias-bastigkeit/" itemprop="url" style="color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Matthias Bastigkeit</a></div>
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Fuente: http://news.doccheck.com/en/newsletter/2188/14628/?utm_source=DC-Newsletter&utm_medium=E-Mail&utm_campaign=Newsletter-EN-DocCheck+News-2015-09-11&user=1479eb13b686c9c528b8911e6b9e012b&n=2188&d=28&chk=b531315d5f71157ec028e08fcbce9c9e</div>
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Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-46703948679126435202015-09-09T16:32:00.002-07:002015-09-09T16:32:54.385-07:00Fósiles, muertos, joyas y hasta un avión: las sorpresas que depara el derretimiento de los glaciares<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width lead" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Matterhorn" class="js-image-replace" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909110111_glaciar_624x351_reuters_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 645.781px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reuters</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">La fachada oriental del Matterhorn está cubierta de objetos, dice el rescatista Gerold Biner.</span></figcaption></figure><div class="story-body__introduction" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Cuando los escaladores se pierden, pueden pasar décadas hasta que se encuentran sus restos en medio del hielo y la nieve de la montaña. Pero con el aumento global de las temperaturas las superficies heladas se están reduciendo, y esto trae nuevas esperanzas para las familias de los muertos que no han tenido la posibilidad de poner fin a su duelo.</div>
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"<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Siempre estoy buscando cosas, colores que no pertenecen a la naturaleza</strong>, y con mucha frecuencias las ves: crampones, mochilas...", dice Gerold Biner piloto de rescate en los Alpes.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/08/150824_investigan_cuerpos_chimborazo_ecuador_ac.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lea: Investigan en Ecuador si cuerpos hallados en el Chimborazo son de alpinistas franceses desaparecidos hace dos décadas</a></div>
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"La cara oriental del Matterhorn está cubierta de cosas. Siempre digo que se podría abrir una tienda para montañistas con todo lo que hay allí".</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption body-narrow-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; float: right; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 22px -24.6406px 24px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/304/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909110635_glaciar_304x171_airzermatt_nocredit.jpg" height="171" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/304/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909110635_glaciar_304x171_airzermatt_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;" width="304" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Air Zermatt</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Los hallazgos hasta el momento han ocurrido por azar.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Sin embargo hace dos años, Biner notó algo diferente al pie del glaciar.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Era el cuerpo de montañista británico Jonathan Conville, desaparecido en 1979, que había quedado expuesto después de que el hielo se transformara en agua.</strong></div>
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Durante los 34 años que siguieron al accidente, su cuerpo fue deslizándose gradualmente hacia abajo, en el interior del glaciar.</div>
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En septiembre del año pasado –el mes en que la capa de hielo es más pequeña tras el fin del verano– fueron hallados otros dos cuerpos: el de los japoneses Masayuki Kobaysahi y Michio Oikawa, ambos desaparecidos tras una tormenta de nieve en 1970.</div>
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Tesoros escondidos</h2>
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En 2014 se recuperaron también muchas otras cosas de los Alpes: desde <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">los restos de un bombardero estadounidense de la II Guerra Mundial hasta un botín de esmeraldas, rubíes y zafiros</strong> de un vuelo de Air India que se estrelló en el Mont Blanc en 1966.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111001_glaciar_624x351_jonathanconvillememorialtrust_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111001_glaciar_624x351_jonathanconvillememorialtrust_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jonathan Conville Memorial Trust</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">El cuerpo de Conville surgió del glaciar después de 34 años.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Pero <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">en las últimas dos décadas, los glaciares están retrocediendo mucho más rápido</strong>, explica Martin Grosjean, especialista en glaciares del Instituto Oeschger de la Universidad de Berne, en Suiza.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Clavos" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111358_glaciar_624x351_institutooeschger_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111358_glaciar_624x351_institutooeschger_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Instituto Oeschger</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Estos clavos de zapatos romanos también fueron encontrados en el hielo.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong>Incluso el hielo que se ha mantenido intacto por miles de años ha comenzado a derretirse, dando lugar a una nueva disciplina:<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> la arqueología glaciar.</strong></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Además de a Oetzi, el hombre momificado de 3.000 años de antigüedad hallado en la frontera entre Italia y Austria en 1991, </strong>se han encontrado utensilios del hogar y ropa de más de 5.000 años en las montañas al sur de Berne que arrojaron luz sobre una civilización alpina de la Edad de Bronce que resultó ser mucho más sofisticada de lo que se pensaba.</div>
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Cientos de clavos de zapatos romanos también fueron hallados en el hielo.</div>
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¿Esfuerzos válidos?</h2>
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A la luz de estos hallazgos, ¿no debería entonces hacerse un esfuerzo, sobre todo en septiembre, por buscar a los montañistas que se perdieron y cuyos cuerpos nunca fueron encontrados?</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Bota" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111125_glaciar_624x351_reuters_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111125_glaciar_624x351_reuters_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reuters</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Esta bota pertenece a un montañista japonés desaparecido en los Alpes suizos en 1970.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
La ausencia de un cuerpo para llorar hace más difícil aceptar que un ser querido ya no va a regresar.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2013/08/130804_ciencia_glaciares_mont_blanc_erosion_estudio_nc.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lea también: Contra lo que se creía, los glaciares protegen a las montañas</a></div>
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El problema, es que "los glaciares avanzan y retroceden naturalmente", dice Grosjean. "Arriba hace frío y cae nieve. Abajo, el hielo se derrite. Los glaciares se deslizan naturalmente hacia abajo, lo que significa que todo cae en una grieta... y más tarde aparece en la parte más baja del glaciar".</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">El tiempo que demora algo atrapado en un glaciar de los Alpes en expulsar algo es entre 20 y 50 años, aunque puede tomar 100</strong>.</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Glaciar Gorner" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111826_glaciar_624x351_spl_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111826_glaciar_624x351_spl_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SPL</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Los glaciares se van deslizando naturalmente hacia la base de la montaña.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></strong></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cuando los arqueólogos glaciares recuperan cuerpos o artefactos de la montaña, esto ocurre generalmente en áreas en las que el hielo no se está moviendo porque el suelo no tiene mucha pendiente o porque el bloque de hielo no es lo suficientemente grande y pesado. Aunque siempre hay excepciones.</strong></div>
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Según explica Martin Callanan, investigador de la Universidad Noruega de Ciencia y Tecnología, la situación no es tan sencilla.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/12/111226_glaciares_himalayas_derretimiento_.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lea: Una mirada a la erosión interna de un glaciar</a></div>
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"El mundo helado aquí arriba es terriblemente complejo -tan complejo como la masa de tierra que está debajo con sus bordes, zanjas y fisuras. Simplemente no sabemos dónde y cuándo pueden llegar a aparecer restos helados antiguos".</div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Oetzi" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111526__85426950_gettyimages-109180490.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/09/150909111526__85426950_gettyimages-109180490.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Getty Images</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oetzi, el hombre momificado de 3.000 años de antigüedad, fue hallado en la frontera entre Italia y Austria en 1991.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A medida que avanza el deshielo, los cuerpos de los montañistas perdidos, dice, pueden surgir de zonas de un glaciar en movimiento que por alguna razón permanecieron estáticas.</div>
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Biner no cree que sea una buena idea buscar sistemáticamente a los escaladores desaparecidos hace años. Katrina Taee, hermana de Jonathan Conville, tampoco.</div>
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"Al principio claro que estás desesperado por encontrarlos vivos", dice.</div>
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"Pero sabes que cada vez que alguien sube al Matterhorn hay muchos riesgos. Personalmente, no querría que nadie se pusiera en una situación de riesgo por mi hermano.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"¿Para qué arriesgar una vida por alguien que murió hace mucho tiempo?",</strong>se pregunta, a modo de conclusión.</div>
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Fuente: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/09/150909_glaciares_sorpresas_derretimiento_cuerpos_lp</div>
Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-6422757487370472132015-09-09T16:28:00.000-07:002015-09-09T16:28:02.248-07:00Resuelven el misterio del origen de los vascos, una de las poblaciones más enigmáticas de Europa Ciencia<div class="story-body__introduction" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Un análisis genético de antiguos restos fósiles encontrados en los yacimientos de Atapuerca, en el norte de España, asegura haber resuelto el misterio sobre el origen de una de las poblaciones más enigmáticas de Europa: los vascos.</div>
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Las características genéticas de este grupo humano del norte de España y el sur de Francia así como su lenguaje único, han tenido intrigados a los antropólogos durante décadas.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2014/06/140620_ciencia_atapuerca_neandertales_origen_np.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lea: Los fósiles españoles que revelan el origen de los neandertales</a></div>
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Una de las teorías prevalecientes es que provenían de un grupo de antiguos cazadores que no se había cruzado con otras poblaciones. Es decir, que estaban ligados genéticamente a poblaciones preagrícolas.</div>
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Pero ahora, <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">un estudio publicado en la revista PNAS (<i style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>), afirma que descienden de los primeros agricultores que se vincularon con cazadores locales. Y que fue más tarde que quedaron aislados durante miles de años.</strong></div>
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Esto significa que el origen de los vascos es más reciente de lo que se pensaba: se remonta a 5.000 años.</div>
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Descendientes de agricultores</h2>
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Los vascos tienen <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">un idioma único, el euskera, que no está relacionado con ninguna otra lengua europea, o de hecho, del mundo.</strong></div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Dibujo" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/08/150908113625_vascos_624x351_maradelafuente_nocredit.jpg" height="351" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/08/150908113625_vascos_624x351_maradelafuente_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 616.203px;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mara de la Fuente</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">La imagen es una recreación de la vida neolítica en Atapuerca.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Además los vascos, habitantes de una región montañosa de la Europa Atlántica, tienen un patrón genético diferente al de sus vecinos en Francia y España.</div>
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<a class="story-body__link" href="http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2013/12/131204_ciencia_atapuerca_evolucion_adn_antiguo_az.shtml" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Lea también: Decodifican en España el genoma humano más antiguo</a></div>
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Por esta razón, resultaba lógico creer que eran representantes de un grupo humano más antiguo.</div>
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Mattias Jakobsson, investigador de la Universidad Uppsala, en Suecia, analizó<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> los genomas de ocho agricultores </strong>de El Portalón (Atapuerca)<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> que vivieron entre hace 3.500 y 5.000 años, </strong>después de la transición hacia la agricultura en el suroeste de Europa.</div>
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Los resultados de su investigación demostraron que<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> los agricultores ibéricos primitivos son los ancestros más cercanos de los vascos actuales.</strong></div>
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Comparaciones con otras antiguas poblaciones de agricultores europeos muestran que la agricultura llegó a la Península Ibérica de la mano de los mismos grupos migratorios que la introdujeron en el norte y centro del continente europeo.</div>
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Estos pioneros se expandieron desde el Cercano Oriente por toda Europa hace unos 7.000 años, en el período conocido como Neolítico.</div>
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Una vez que estos agricultores se establecieron, se mezclaron con los cazadores-recolectores locales, descendientes de las poblaciones que habitaron Europa durante la última Edad de Hielo.</div>
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Diferencias</h2>
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El nuevo estudio también explica algunas de las diferencias entre los vascos y sus vecinos en Francia y España.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Después de que las poblaciones de cazadores-recolectores se mezclaron con los agricultores, los ancestros de los vascos quedaron aislados de los grupos humanos que los rodeaban por una serie de factores vinculados a la geografía y cultura.</strong></div>
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"Es difícil especular, pero hemos trabajado con historiadores vascos y resulta evidente por los registros históricos que esta zona fue muy difícil de conquistar", le dice Jakobson a la BBC.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Esto quiere decir que la región vasca no se vio afectada por las subsecuentes migraciones que moldearon los patrones genéticos en el resto de Europa.</strong></div>
<figure class="media-landscape has-caption body-narrow-width" style="background-color: #111111; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #404040; float: right; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 22px -24.6406px 24px 24px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;"><span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Restos " class="js-image-replace" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/304/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/08/150908113855_vascos_304x171_enekoiriarte_nocredit.jpg" height="171" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/304/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/09/08/150908113855_vascos_304x171_enekoiriarte_nocredit.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: #bdbdbd; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 295.766px;" width="304" /><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); border: 0px; bottom: 0px; color: #ececec; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; position: absolute; right: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eneko Iriarte</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 1px !important; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.23077; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Los investigadores analizaron el ADN de ocho individuos hallados en El Portalón, en los yacimientos de Atapuerca.</span></figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Uno de estos movimientos migratorios ocurrió en la Edad de Bronce, cuando poblaciones de la periferia este del continente se trasladaron en masa hacia el oeste.</div>
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Se cree que esta migración esparció las lenguas indoeuropeas en Europa, sobre todo en el centro y en el norte y un poco menos en el sur.</div>
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Mientras que los genomas de los franceses y españoles presentan evidencia de esta contribución genética del este, los vascos no.</div>
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La otra migración que contribuyó a aumentar las diferencias fue la del ejército musulmán en el año 711 d. C., que cruzó desde África del Norte a la Península Ibérica dando inicio a una ocupación que se extendió por más de 700 años.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Si bien es posible detectar ciertos rasgos genéticos de ancestros norafricanos y subsaharianos en los españoles, estas características están ausentes en los vascos.</strong></div>
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Original: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/09/150908_vascos_origen_fosiles_espana_lp<br />
<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-47725411769496112572015-06-23T18:52:00.003-07:002015-06-23T18:52:38.595-07:00Effects of tea intake on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials<div class="headline border-none" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin: 10px 0px 25px;">
<h1 class="article-sum-title dark-blue bold" style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #004479; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 28px; line-height: 35px; margin: 5px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: none;">
<span style="color: #555555; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">JACC - Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10/22/2014</span></h1>
</div>
<div class="article-summary-journal" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px !important; border-top-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; padding: 5px 0px;">
<span class="article-author-name" style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: block;">Gang L, et al.</span></div>
<div class="lead lead-summary" itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0px;">
<span class="dropcap-bg light-blue-bg bold drop-summary" style="background: rgb(0, 166, 240); border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; float: left; font-size: 45px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 45px; margin: 4px 10px 0px 0px; min-width: 50px; padding: 7px 0px; text-align: center;">T</span>he authors undertook a meta–analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine changes in systolic and diastolic BP due to the intake black and green tea. The meta–analysis showed that long–term (≥12 weeks) ingestion of a tea (green and black tea) resulted in a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP.</div>
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Methods</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched from 1966 until January 2014 for studies in parallel group or crossover design in which BP was assessed before and after receiving black or green tea for at least 1 week.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">The weighted mean difference was calculated for net changes in BP by using fixed–effects or random–effects models.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Previously defined subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of study characteristics.</li>
</ul>
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Results</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">21 eligible randomized controlled trials with 1323 subjects were enrolled.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">After the tea intake, the pooled mean systolic and diastolic BP were –1.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], –2.4– –1.1 mmHg) and –1.4mmHg (95% CI, –2.2– –0.6 mm Hg) lower, respectively, compared with the tea–free controls.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Subgroup analyses showed that the BP–lowering effect was apparent in the subjects who consumed a tea over a median of 12 weeks (systolic/diastolic BP, –2.6/–2.1 mmHg, both P <0 .001="" li="">
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Stratified by type of tea, green tea significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP of –2.1 (95% CI, –2.9– –1.2) and –1.7 (95% CI, –2.9– –0.5) mm Hg, and black tea significantly reduced systolic and diastolic BP of –1.4 (95% CI, –2.4– –0.4) and –1.1 (95% CI, –1.9– –0.2) mm Hg, respectively.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">The benefits of tea intake were not influenced by ethnicity, treatment dose of tea catechins, individual health status, or caffeine intake.</li>
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</ul>
Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-39332597507501424482015-05-21T20:11:00.000-07:002015-05-21T20:11:03.115-07:00Medicina, entre las carreras con peor remuneración<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Fuente: http://www.noticiasrcn.com/videos/ser-medico-entre-las-carreras-peor-remuneracion<br />
<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-20888054494745186212015-04-13T05:13:00.001-07:002015-04-13T05:14:40.576-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-55223922353872576042015-04-05T20:28:00.001-07:002015-04-05T20:29:33.887-07:00De las primeras mujeres de América<h1 class="note" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Rajdhani, 'Franklin Gothic Medium', 'Franklin Gothic', 'ITC Franklin Gothic', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 48px; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 49px; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
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Más allá de Naia</span></h1>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Autor: <b style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Erick Pinedo</b> Fecha: <b style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2015-02-11</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">El año pasado, un equipo de investigadores buzos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), con apoyo de National Geographic Society, Instituto Waitt, Archaeological Institute of America y National Science Foundation. realizaron una inmersión en una cueva sumergida llamada Hoyo Negro, para encontrarse con los restos óseos más antiguos de un ser humano que se hayan descubierto en el continente americano.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">Bautizada Naia, el esqueleto intacto de esta adolescente de entre 13,000 y 12,000 años de antigüedad, con ADN conservado, arrojó nueva información sobre el origen y la evolución de las primeras comunidades de América, confirmando una de las teorías migratorias que propone al estrecho de Bering como puente de paso para los antiguos nómadas. Sin embargo, a pesar del gran impacto histórico y científico de este descubrimiento, Naia no era la única esperando en las profundidades de Hoyo Negro para ser descubierta.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">Junto a ella se encontraron restos de otros animales que, a lo largo de la historia geográfica de la península, utilizaron el sitio como refugio o ruta de tránsito dentro del actual sistema de cuevas Sac Actun, en Quintana Roo; incluso se cree que varios de ellos, incluyendo a Naia, pudieron haber quedado atrapados aquí hasta su muerte.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">"Hace más de 10,000 años -al finalizar la última glaciación-, el paraje de lo que es hoy la Península de Yucatán era muy diferente. Las cuevas que hoy están inundadas alguna vez estuvieron secas y sirvieron como refugio y fuente de agua, tanto para humanos como animales. Algunas de estas cuevas se convirtieron en trampas en las que caían sin posibilidad de salir", dice la arqueóloga Pilar Luna, directora del proyecto en México y subdirectora de arqueología subacuática del INAH.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">Se han descubierto restos de 26 grandes mamíferos, de los cuales 11 han sido identificados: un gonfoterio (Cuvieronius cf. Tropicus) -pariente del mastodonte cuyos restos datan de hace unos 40,000 años-, un tigre dientes de sable (Smilodon fatalis) y dos perezosos gigantes del tipo Shasta y Megalonychid, todos extintos. También se hallaron restos de puma, lince, coyote, tapir, puerco de monte, coatí, murciélago frugívoro y un oso del género Tremarctos -emparentado con los osos andinos-.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Así como las osamentas de Naia, los restos óseos de fauna encontrados hasta ahora presentan un excelente estado de preservación debido al ambiente subacuático en el que fueron encontrados.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Más allá de la reestructuración de la historia migratoria de la humanidad, el descubrimiento "amplía el conocimiento del conjunto faunístico que existió en la península de Yucatán a finales del Pleistoceno. Por otro lado, aquellos que resulten contemporáneos a Naia, nos permitirán conocer parte del paleoambiente con el que los primeros humanos se relacionaron y la forma de aprovecharlo", explica el Doctor Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales, profesor investigador del Laboratorio de Arqueozoología del INAH.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;">La adición de estas especies a los registros fósiles de México permitirá inferir de manera más precisa"los patrones de evolución y migración de las especies neotropicales hacia el norte y de las neárticas hacia el sur", según Arroyo-Cabrales. De esta forma, se confirmaría que, desde el Pleistoceno tardío (entre 300,000 y 11,000 años atrás), la región ha sido uno de los sitios más megadiversos del planeta.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.ngenespanol.com/ciencia/descubrimientos/15/01/9/naia-primera-mujer-hoyo-negro-investigacion.html" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px;" target="_blank">http://www.ngenespanol.com/<wbr></wbr>ciencia/descubrimientos/15/01/<wbr></wbr>9/naia-primera-mujer-hoyo-<wbr></wbr>negro-investigacion.html</a><br />
<br />Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-42351553147638125182015-04-05T20:26:00.002-07:002015-04-05T20:26:13.558-07:00El hombre que 'abrió' una montaña para que sus vecinos pudieran llegar al médico <div class="arcticle-media" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Segoe UI', arial, helvetica, roboto, 'droid sans', sans-serif; font-size: 10.0010004043579px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 650.328125px;">
<img alt="Un hombre que 'movió' la montaña para que la gente de su pueblo pueda llegar a un doctor" height="112" src="http://cdn.rt.com/actualidad/public_images/2015.03/article/5513684971139e976d8b4624.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; width: 650.328125px;" width="200" /><span class="copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.74902); bottom: 0px; color: white; display: block; font-size: 1.1em; left: 0px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 6.5px; position: absolute; width: 637.3125px;">youtube / Milaap</span></div>
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Dashrath Manjhi, residente en una pequeña localidad del norte de la India, dedicó su vida a construir un camino a través de una montaña para que sus vecinos pudieran llegar al hospital y la escuela. Logró la proeza tras trabajar durante 22 años con martillos, palancas y cinceles.</div>
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En los años 1960 el pequeño poblado de Gehlaur, situado en el norte de la India, estaba completamente aislado: <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">una montaña de aproximadamente 90 metros de altura cerraba el camino hacia escuelas, hospitales y empleos</strong>. Fue entonces cuando Dasrath Manjhi decidió 'mover' el obstáculo rocoso, abriendo paso a los vecinos de su pueblo, según relata el blog <a href="http://www.thebetterindia.com/18326/the-man-who-moved-a-mountain-milaap-dashrath-manjhi/" style="background: transparent; color: #044eaa; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">The Better India</a>.</div>
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Manjhi trabajaba al otro lado de la montaña y tenía que atravesarla cada día sólo para llegar a la granja donde trabajaba. Era un camino peligroso en el que a menudo se producían accidentes. Un día de 1960 Phaguni, su esposa, se hirió mientras atravesaba la montaña para llevarle comida a su marido. Fue entonces cuando <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">el hombre decidió vender sus cabras y compró instrumentos para construir un camino a través de la montaña</strong>.</div>
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Manjhi no dejó su puesto de trabajo: dedicó su tiempo libre y horas de sueño para seguir horadando la montaña. Tiempo después su esposa falleció: tras caer enferma le fue imposible desplazarse hasta Wazirganj (a 75 kilómetros de camino), donde se encontraba el doctor. <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">El dolor de la pérdida hizo aún más fuerte a su esposo</strong>. Los residentes de su pequeña aldea le empezaron a proporcionar comida y Manjhi dejó su empleo.</div>
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<img alt="Un hombre que 'movió' la montaña para que la gente de su pueblo pueda llegar a un doctor" height="112" src="http://cdn.rt.com/actualidad/public_images/2015.03/original/5513689871139edc6c8b4602.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; width: 650.328125px;" width="200" /><span class="copyright" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.74902); bottom: 0px; color: white; display: block; font-size: 0.7em !important; left: 0px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 6.5px; position: absolute; width: 637.3125px;">youtube / Milaap</span></div>
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Finalmente, <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">en 1982 este auténtico héroe terminó de construir un camino de 100 metros de largo y 10 de ancho</strong>, que todavía permite a la gente de medio centenar de pequeños pueblos alcanzar el hospital o la escuela recorriendo solo 5 kilómetros. El héroe que superó la palabra 'imposible' murió en 2007 víctima de un cáncer.</div>
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<a href="http://actualidad.rt.com/sociedad/170225-india-mover-montana-heroe-pueblo" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px;" target="_blank">http://actualidad.rt.com/<wbr></wbr>sociedad/170225-india-mover-<wbr></wbr>montana-heroe-pueblo</a>Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6415994878195154583.post-14058502840828008092015-04-05T20:24:00.002-07:002015-04-05T20:24:36.223-07:00El sabroso vino y sus beneficios antiinflamatorios<div class="headline border-none" style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin: 10px 0px 25px;">
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Multiple anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties of red wine polyphenolic extracts: differential role of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and stilbenes on endothelial inflammatory gene expression</h1>
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European Journal of Nutrition, 03/03/2015</div>
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<span class="dropcap-bg light-blue-bg bold drop-summary" style="background: rgb(0, 166, 240); border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; float: left; font-size: 45px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 45px; margin: 4px 10px 0px 0px; min-width: 50px; padding: 7px 0px; text-align: center;">C</span>alabriso N, et al. – The aim of the study was to evaluate the vascular anti–inflammatory effects of polyphenolic extracts from two typical South Italy red wines, the specific contribution of individual polyphenols and the underlying mechanisms of action. This study showed multiple anti–inflammatory and anti–atherosclerotic properties of red wine polyphenolic extracts and indentified specific bioactive polyphenols which could counteract inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis.</div>
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Methods</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Human endothelial cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (1–50 μg/mL) of Primitivo and Negroamaro polyphenolic extracts (PWPE and NWPE, respectively) or pure polyphenols (1–25 μmol/L), including hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic and caftaric acids), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin) or stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid) before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Through multiple assays, the authors analyzed the endothelial–monocyte adhesion, the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), as well as ROS intracellular levels and the activation of NF-κB and AP-1.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(228, 233, 240); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #585f69; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 20px 0px 10px; text-shadow: none;">
Results</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;">
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Both PWPE and NWPE, already at 1 μg/mL, inhibited monocyte adhesion to stimulated endothelial cells, a key event in triggering vascular inflammation.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">They down-regulated the expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, as well as MCP-1 and M-CSF, at mRNA and protein levels.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">All polyphenols reduced intracellular ROS, and everything, except caftaric acid, inhibited the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and MCP-1, although with different potency.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">Flavonols and resveratrol significantly reduced also the endothelial expression and release of M-CSF.</li>
<li style="border-radius: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">The decrease in endothelial inflammatory gene expression was related to the inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation but not to intracellular oxidative stress.</li>
</ul>
Dr. Víctor Castañedahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15458214424546842305noreply@blogger.com0